動(dòng)力電池市場(chǎng)推動(dòng)技術(shù)改善的動(dòng)力越來(lái)越明顯
來(lái)源：寶鄂實(shí)業(yè)
2019-06-21 13:16
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According to the latest survey of the owners of new energy vehicles, the range and quality of vehicles are still the biggest pits of new energy vehicles. Nearly 70% of car owners expressed regret for buying new energy vehicles, and more than 64% said they would not recommend new energy vehicles to their friends. For potential owners, the policy of not being influenced by the tail number limit has become the biggest driving force for their purchases, accounting for 50%.
"From 2015 to 2018, the number of complaints about new energy vehicles in China continued to rise, more than 70% of which were quality complaints. Among them, 64% complained about batteries and 18% complained about motors. Li Yang, executive secretary of the National Big Data Alliance of New Energy Vehicles, said at the framework conference of "China New Energy Vehicle Evaluation Regulations System" held in February this year.
Corresponding to the increasing number of complaints, the spontaneous combustion accidents of new energy vehicles continue to occur. According to the statistics of Shenzhen New Energy Vehicle Application and Promotion Center, as of September 2018, there were 8 spontaneous combustion accidents of new energy logistics vehicles in Shenzhen last year. In addition, Shenzhen New Energy Vehicle Application and Promotion Center issued the Emergency Notice on Enhancing the Operation Safety of New Energy Pure Electric Freight Vehicles on March 17, which also indicated that Shenzhen had recently "a number of battery thermal runaway accidents during charging and operation of new energy pure electric Freight Vehicles".
As for the recall data of new energy vehicles, according to the data released by the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration, in 2018, seven manufacturing enterprises were urged to recall 124,000 defective vehicles involving 33 models; the main causes of the defects were the faults of electronic control, machinery, electrical appliances and battery systems.
While complaints are increasing, subsidies are subsidizing the decline. According to the plan, the subsidies for new energy vehicles will be withdrawn completely by the end of 2020. Subsidies fell sharply in 2019, and sales of new energy vehicles slowed down in 2019. With the relaxation of foreign investment into China's new energy vehicle market policy, many people in the industry have been singing the decline of the development of new energy vehicles.
Cooperative efforts between government and enterprises to tackle quality problems
Although there are many technical bottlenecks in new energy vehicles, they are also facing many market challenges. In terms of ownership, the total number of new energy vehicles in 2018 reached 2.61 million, accounting for 1.09% of the total number of vehicles. According to statistics, the number of new energy vehicles has increased by an average of 500,000 annually in the past five years, showing an accelerated growth trend. According to Sina's statistics, 38.1% of consumers choose to buy new energy vehicles mainly because of environmental protection. The strong market demand for new energy vehicles still exists.
In addition, regardless of policy or technology, new energy vehicles in China are in a favorable development atmosphere, the comprehensive quality and after-sales service experience of new energy vehicles are more likely to improve rapidly.
In terms of policy, in addition to restricting and loosening the purchase, local governments have issued many policies in the areas of defective vehicle recall, charging pile infrastructure construction, standardized charging training and industrial quality development, which provide policy guarantees for the development of new energy vehicles and related services after purchase. Taking Shenzhen as an example, on April 26 this year, Shenzhen held the 6th Seminar on Electric Control and BMS Technology for New Energy Vehicles, which conducted in-depth exchanges on active and passive safety technology for New Energy Vehicles, electric drive technology for New Energy Vehicles and BMS safety for New Energy Vehicles. In 2018, the Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission, the Development and Reform Commission and the Planning and Land Commission jointly issued the Notice on Accelerating the Construction of Taxi Fast Charging Piles and Supporting Facilities in Shenzhen, requiring the city to complete 134,000 sets of Logistics Charging Piles in 2018. At present, Shenzhen has completed the construction of the world's largest fast charging station, covering an area of 20,000 square meters, which not only effectively alleviates the "difficult charging" problem, but also explores a way to improve the replicable development of charging stations for the whole country.
In terms of technology, the R&D enterprises of new energy vehicles have also increased their R&D efforts to speed up the improvement of the comprehensive quality of new energy vehicles. For example, BYD has deployed many R&D centers around the world. Its global R&D center will be unveiled at Shenzhen headquarters at the end of June. Changzhou R&D center is also under planning and construction. In terms of endurance mileage, BYD's new energy vehicle is currently more than 300 km, at the world's first-class level, and its endurance capacity is still improving. At present, the number of patent applications for new energy vehicles in China ranks third in the world, and the level of research and development and manufacture of power batteries has greatly improved. Some domestic power batteries have certain international market competitiveness in energy density, cycle life, safety performance and other aspects, and the market driving force for technological improvement is becoming more and more obvious.針對(duì)新能源車車主的最新調(diào)查顯示，續(xù)航里程、車輛質(zhì)量仍然是目前新能源汽車最大的“坑”。近7成車主表示后悔購(gòu)買(mǎi)新能源汽車，超過(guò)64%的車主表示不會(huì)將新能源車推薦給身邊的朋友。而對(duì)于潛在車主，不受尾號(hào)限行政策影響成為其購(gòu)買(mǎi)的最大動(dòng)力，占比達(dá)到50%。
“從2015年到2018年，我國(guó)新能源汽車投訴量持續(xù)上升，70%以上為質(zhì)量類投訴。其中電池投訴達(dá)64%，電機(jī)達(dá)18%。”新能源汽車國(guó)家大數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)盟執(zhí)行秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)李陽(yáng)在今年2月舉行的《中國(guó)新能源汽車評(píng)價(jià)規(guī)程體系》框架發(fā)布會(huì)上這樣表示。
與投訴數(shù)量不斷增加相對(duì)應(yīng)的，則是新能源汽車自燃事故的不斷發(fā)生。由深圳市新能源車輛應(yīng)用推廣中心統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2018年9月，深圳市去年發(fā)生新能源物流車自燃事故達(dá)到8起。此外，深圳市新能源車輛應(yīng)用推廣中心在3月17日發(fā)布的《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)新能源純電動(dòng)貨車運(yùn)營(yíng)安全的緊急通知》中也表示，深圳市在近期“發(fā)生了多起新能源純電動(dòng)貨車充電和運(yùn)營(yíng)過(guò)程中的電池?zé)崾Э厥鹿?rdquo;。
新能源車召回?cái)?shù)據(jù)方面，據(jù)國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2018年共有7家生產(chǎn)企業(yè)被督促實(shí)施召回涉及33個(gè)車型的12.14萬(wàn)缺陷車輛；缺陷原因主要為電控、機(jī)械、電器及電池系統(tǒng)故障。
一邊投訴增加，一邊補(bǔ)貼退坡。按照規(guī)劃，新能源汽車補(bǔ)貼將在2020年底前完全退出。2019年補(bǔ)貼政策的大幅度退坡，2019年新能源汽車的銷量增速放緩。隨著國(guó)家放寬外資進(jìn)入我國(guó)新能源車市場(chǎng)的政策，業(yè)內(nèi)已經(jīng)有不少人唱衰新能源車的發(fā)展。
政企協(xié)力質(zhì)量攻堅(jiān)
雖然新能源車目前存在不少技術(shù)瓶頸，也面臨著諸多市場(chǎng)挑戰(zhàn)。從保有量來(lái)看，2018年新能源汽車保有量達(dá)261萬(wàn)輛，占汽車總量的1.09%。從統(tǒng)計(jì)情況看，近5年新能源汽車保有量年均增加50萬(wàn)輛，呈加快增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。在新浪網(wǎng)統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)中，有38.1%的消費(fèi)者主要因?yàn)榭紤]環(huán)保問(wèn)題而選擇了購(gòu)買(mǎi)新能源車。新能源車旺盛的市場(chǎng)需求依然存在。
此外，無(wú)論是政策還是技術(shù)方面，我國(guó)新能源車都處于利好的發(fā)展氛圍中，新能源車綜合質(zhì)量和售后服務(wù)體驗(yàn)迅速提升可能性更大。
政策方面，除了限購(gòu)松綁之外，各地政府在缺陷車輛召回、充電樁基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)、規(guī)范充電培訓(xùn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)質(zhì)量發(fā)展等方面出臺(tái)了諸多政策，為新能源車的發(fā)展和購(gòu)買(mǎi)后的相關(guān)服務(wù)提供了政策保障。以深圳為例，今年4月26日，深圳舉辦第六屆新能源汽車電控與BMS技術(shù)研討會(huì)，對(duì)新能源汽車主被動(dòng)安全技術(shù)、新能源汽車電驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)方案、新能源汽車BMS安全性等多項(xiàng)議題進(jìn)行了深入交流。2018年，深圳市交通運(yùn)輸委、發(fā)展改革委、規(guī)劃國(guó)土委三部門(mén)聯(lián)動(dòng)，發(fā)布了《關(guān)于加快推動(dòng)我市出租車快速充電樁及配套設(shè)施建設(shè)工作有關(guān)事項(xiàng)的通知》，要求2018年全市要完成1.34萬(wàn)套物流充電樁建設(shè)。目前，深圳市已建設(shè)完成全球最大的快充電站，占地面積2萬(wàn)平方米，不僅有效緩解了“充電難”的問(wèn)題，還為全國(guó)摸索出了一條完善充電站可復(fù)制的發(fā)展之路。
技術(shù)方面，新能源車生產(chǎn)研發(fā)企業(yè)也加大了研發(fā)力度，加快新能源車綜合質(zhì)量的提升。如比亞迪目前已在全球部署了多個(gè)研發(fā)中心，其全球研發(fā)中心將在6月底在深圳總部揭幕，常州研發(fā)中心也在規(guī)劃建設(shè)中。續(xù)航里程方面，比亞迪新能源車?yán)m(xù)航里程目前超過(guò)300km，處于世界一流水平，且續(xù)航能力仍在不斷提升。目前，我國(guó)新能源車專利申請(qǐng)數(shù)量位列世界第三，動(dòng)力電池研發(fā)制造水平大幅提升，部分國(guó)產(chǎn)動(dòng)力電池在能量密度、循環(huán)使用壽命、安全性能等方面已具備一定的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，且市場(chǎng)推動(dòng)技術(shù)改善的動(dòng)力越來(lái)越明顯。???? ?? ?? ??? ???, ?? ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??'?'??? ???.7? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? 64%? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???.??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? 50% ? ???.
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?? ??? ???? ??? ????.
???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??.????? ? ? 2018? ???? ???? ???? 261? ?? ??? ??? ??? 1.09% ? ????.?? ???? ?? 5? ? ??? ???? ???? ?? 50? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??.??? ??? ??? ??? 38.1%? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???.???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.
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?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ?.???? ?? ? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ? ?? ????? 6? ? ?????? ?? ?? ???.???? ???? ?? ??? ?? 300km? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??.?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? 3?, ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????, ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????.
